2 01GENERALIA ** file gencrg.sch 23.4.96 * Two categories of materials are provided for here: * (1) Works covering all or many fields of knowledge & which therefore cannot be classed under any one subject in classes 3/9,A/Z; * (2) Works which, because of their particular form, the library may prefer to keep together (to facilitate storage & handling) regardless of subject. * Generalia works are classified by form of presentation & are arranged exactly as are the forms in Auxiliary Schedule 1. Note also that the CSD (Subject) in Aux. Schedule 1 are not included in this arrangement. * Add to 2 numbers 2/3 from Auxiliary Schedule 1; eg, general encyclopedias 23A. A selection of the more prominent or common forms is given below for convenience & to show the scope of the class. 22E 02Non-book materials (generalia) 22FR 03Cuttings.., Illustrations.., Microforms.. 22W 02Bookform materials 22WHU 03Government publications.., Theses.., Antiquaria.. 23A 03Encyclopedias.., Serials.., Directories.. 23L 03Composite works, collected lectures, etc.. 23NK 03Tabulated data.., Statistics.., Facsimiles.. 23XR 03Monuments, inscriptions, epigraphs.., Archives.. * (Generalia subject classes) * Taken from Auxiliary Schedule 1 to demonstrate here the problem of highly general subject concepts which may have no single disciplinary home & which therefore qualify for inclusion as Phenomenon classes. 242 03Organization, management see K Society 244 03Law * see S Law 246 03Standards * see 3AY 248 03Patents * see U Technology 25 03Organizations * see K Society 25J 03Government * see R Politics 25M 03Communication, information.., Documentation * see 5 26A 03Study & education * see J Education 26C 03Research * see 435 26QC 03Discovery & innovation * see 445 R 26QN 03Evaluation * see 448 S 26QT 03Exhibitions, museums * see 96 26SV 03Curiosities, mysteries, frauds * see Class 458 3 01PHENOMENA * The main classes of BC2 (A/Z) reflect the treatment of phenomena (objects of knowledge) from the viewpoint of particular disciplines (forms of knowledge); eg, the treatment of the phenomenon Child from the viewpoint of Biology (H), Psychology (I), Education (J), Social welfare (Q) & so on. This class is for the multi-disciplinary or non-disciplinary treatment of particular phenomena. * The location of these classes here (preceding the disciplinary classes) is consistent with the structure within each main class. In the latter, classes which are cited later in compound classes file before those which are cited earlier. In the same way, the phenomenon Equilibrium below files before all the disciplinary classes, but in compound classes it will be cited after them, as in Statics - Equilibrium, or in Population - Equilibrium, or in Prices - Equilibrium. But these compounds are not notated synthetically (as they are within the disciplinary classes). * Forming compound classes from two or more phenomena is relatively rare. In most cases it would imply a particular disciplinary treatment & should go with the latter; eg, Diamonds - Symmetry implies Crystallography (in Physics); Child - Deviance implies Social welfare (Class Q). * Two sequences of phenomena are distinguished below: * (1) A sequence of Properties & Processes, consisting of concepts which cannot be defined uniquely by any one discipline. * (2) A sequence of phenomena, extracted from the disciplinary classes, which are uniquely defined in a particular disciplinary class; eg gold is uniquely defined in the chemistry class as being an element with certain properties. These properties have led to the appearance of gold in a wide range of disciplinary contexts - as a form of money, as a material of art, as a symbol of power & rank, as an object of worship, & so on. * This sort of phenomenon may be treated in such a multidisciplinary way as to make the subordination of the work to the defining class incongruous & unhelpful; eg, a work which dealt with gold in all the aspects indicated above would sit oddly in the chemistry class & would be lost to many potential readers. An alternative (which is recommended) is to locate such works in this class of phenomena. 32 02(Forms of presentation) * For use only in qualifying particular phenomena. @ 03Aggregative treatment @ 03Integrative treatment @ 02(General properties) * These are usually named in the adjectival rather than the nominal form for simplicity & brevity. 33 03((Relative properties)) @ 04Criteria, standards, values * For standards in the sense of socially agreed desiderata or requirements, see 3AY. @ 04Extremes, maxima & minima, records.., Normal, average.. @ 04Concrete, real, actual.., Abstract, imaginary @ 04Ideal, perfect, Utopian.., Dystopian.., Imperfect.. @ 04Dependent, auxiliary.., Symbiotic, Parasitic.. @ 04Unique, absolute.., Relativity.. @ 04Complementary, matching.., Opposite.. 34 04Structure, form, morphology @ 05Order, hierarchy.., First, last.., Disorder, chaos.. @ 05Shape, style.., Simple.., Complex.. @ 05Symmetry.., Equilibrium, stable.., Disequilibrium.. 35 02(General processes) @ 03Design, purposiveness.., Chance, luck.. @ 03Change @ 04Creation, origin.., Growth, development.. @ 04Multiplication, increase.. @ 04Decay, decline.., Cessation, death @ 04Conservation, preservation.., Amelioration, reform ? @ 04Migration, crossing boundaries.., Transformation.. @ 03Attraction, convergence.., Repulsion, divergence.. @ 02(Phenomena with unique definition in a discipline) * See notes at 3 above. * These are arranged in the order of the disciplinary classes, the entities in which reflect an order of gradation in speciality or integrative levels. * Add to 3 letters A/Z from the whole classification. A selection is given below for demonstration. Some of these show how the connotation of the concept may take on extra dimensions when considered free of any disciplinary context (eg unexpectedness as analogous to statistical probability, 3AX). 3AA 03Ideologies.., Speculation.., Rationalism.. Empiricism.. 3AM 03Number, quantity.., Unity.., Dualism.. 3AX 03Probability, expectedness.., Improbability.. @ 04Curiosities.., Coincidence.. 3AY 03Measurement.., Standards * (see note at 33).. 3B 03Time.., Duration, age.., Permanence.. Impermanence.. @ 04Intervals, stages.., Recurrence.., Rhythm.. Cycles.. @ 04New, old.., Obsolescence, redundance.. 3BC 03Space, place.., Nearness, neighbouring.., Distance.. @ 04Physical dimensions.., Angle.., Linear.. @ 04Position, location.., Orientation.., Boundary.. 3BE 03Energy.., Inertia.., Motion.., Oscillation, vibration.. @ 04Heat.., Light, dark.., Colour.., Sound.. 3BM 03Matter, substance.., Fluid.., Solid.., Crystal.. 3C 03Substances, elements & compounds.., Gold.., Water.. 3DA 03The Universe.., Heavenly bodies.., Stars.. Planets.. @ 04Planet Earth.., Moon.. @ 05(Processes) @ 06Earthquakes.. @ 05(Parts) @ 06Land.., Waters.. 3E 03Living things * The disciplinary classes which follow biology H/Z refer exclusively to the human species. Multi- disciplinary works on other species are more readily accepted as going with their biology (eg, their individual & social behaviour, their technology). If we assume that religious & moral aspects do not exist in this context, the only elements in a multi- disciplinary treatment of animals & plants which, if published separately in monograph form, would not go in biology are anthropomorphic aspects - eg aesthetic ones, etc. So only works on animals & plants combining biology with non-biological aspects would go here. @ 04(Properties & proceses) * Covering all kinds of living things. For huams alone, see 3H. 3EF 05Birth.., Death.., Disease.., Disasters.., Food.. 3EH 05Behaviour * All the forms of behaviour here would include their manifestation in both individuals & social groups. For behaviour which is exclusively social, see under society (3K). @ 06Success & failure.., Goals, ends & means.. @ 06Drives, instincts.., Sensation & perception.. @ 06Conditioning, indoctrination, brainwashing @ 06Self-deception, justifications @ 06Habit.., Choice.., Decision.., Feelings.. @ 06Humour, comedy.., Tragedy.., Imagination.. 3EJ 04(Types of living things) @ 05((By behaviour..)) @ 06Predators.., Victims.., Deviants.. @ 05((By structure/genetics)) @ 06Genders.., Microorganisms.., Plants.., Animals.. 3H 06Humans.. @ 07(By gender..) @ 07(By age..) 3K 07Society, humans in groups * Although Class K has some of the features of a phenomenon class, it is basically a disciplinary one, reflecting the primacy of science in its study. The inclusion in it of Custom & folklore is a concession to literary warrant, in that a large body of literature deals with these two aspects together. But part of it (Custom) may be regarded as a special form of behaviour which is quite properly collocated with the rest of K, whilst Folklore could equally well be regarded as a manifestation of the imagination, with elements of both art & religion. So theoretically it is not inconsistent to provide for its concepts, when treated in a multidisciplinary fashion, in a true phenomenon class. @ 08(General processes) @ 09Custom, habit.., Privacy.. 3KE 09Communication @ 10Signs & symbols.., Rituals.., Language.. 3KF 09Attitudes.., Prejudice.., Fanaticism.., Idolatry.. @ 09Beliefs.., Ideologies.. @ 09Power & influence.., Equality.., Conformity.. @ 09Cooperation.., Conflict.., Competititon.. Cheating.. 3KK 08(Macro-processes acting on groups) * From a disciplinary viewpoint, these represent major, specialized bodies of knowledge; this status is not relevant when the processes are viewed as phenomena. @ 09Organizing, managing, administration @ 10Planning.., Centralization.., .. 3Q 09Welfare processes.., Aid.., Charity.. 3R 09Political processes.., Government.., War.. 3S 09Legal processes.., Anti-social behaviour.. @ 10Property, ownership 3T 09Economic processes.., Work.., Poverty.., Riches.. @ 10Consumption.., Over-consumption..Waste.. @ 08(Types of groups..) 3TY 09Families.., Tribes.., Nations.. 3U 08Industry, technology, production of wealth.. Tools.. @ 09Agriculture, farming @ 09Animal exploitation, hunting @ 09Mining.., Manufacturing.., Transport.., Vehicles.. @ 09Artefacts.., Buildings.. @ 10Particular artefacts, A/Z (eg clocks) 3VW 09Services.., Housekeeping.. 3VX 08Recreation & leisure.., Games & sports.. 3W 08Arts, fine arts * It seems doubtful whether art objects can ever be treated as phenomena in the bibliographical sense. The disciplinary class has its own subclasses for scientific & technical, social, philosophical & religious aspects as an integral part of its activity; it is difficult to think that any multidisciplinary treatment would not have its aesthetics as the central subject. Religion & mythology * Note above under The Arts applies here also. Witch-doctors.., Priests.., Superstition.. Magic.. 42 01Prolegomena, introductory classes * Introductory to a bibliographical classification of all knowledge. 43 02Universe of knowledge * Deals with operations & processes relating to the body of human knowledge - as to its extension by research, etc., its manifestation in information records & the organizing & use of these. * For epistemology, see A ; for sociology of knowledge, see K; for education, see J 435 03Methods of enquiry @ 04(Unsystematic) @ 05Serendipity 44 04Systematic enquiry, research, scholarship * Completely general works only, covering scientific, social scientific & humanistic research. * For scientific research, see AY; for social science, see K; for humanities research, see L * Nearly all the literature relates to the three major fields of research above. The two classes of scientific research have extensive vocabularies & these may be drawn on as indicated to amplify the schedule below. 4427 05)History of scholarship( @ 05)Theory( @ 06Structuralism (general) @ 07Deep structures (general) 4429A 05)Organization & administration of research( 4429EP 06)Policy( 4439K 06)Reporting, presenting( 443B 05Methods of research, techniques of research 443BC 06Methodology (research) * Study of the methods (cognitive processes) whereby knowledge is gained. @ 06Qualitative methods.., Quantitative.. @ 06Hypothesizing.., Conceptualization.. @ 06Classification, categorization, definition @ 06Interpretaion @ 07Hermeneutics, interpretation of records 4453 06Practical methods (research) 44538B 07Data recording & processing 44538N 07Measurement.., Testing & evaluation.. @ 05(Types of investigation) 445F 06Individual research.., Group research.. 445G 06Fundamental.., Applied.., Interdisciplinary.. @ 06((By method)) 445P 07Comparative research.., Non-experimental.. @ 07Observational .., Surveys.., Expeditions.. @ 07Experimental research see AY @ 04(Products of research) @ 05Discoveries.., Innovations.. 45 04Forms of knowledge 456 05Disciplines, subdisciplines * General works on the nature of these. For specific disciplines or subdisciplines, see Classes A/Z. @ 06Academic disciplines.., Symbolic.., Practical.. @ 06Interdisciplinary studies @ 05Controversial knowledge * General works only. For occurrence in special fields see field; eg, Personal experience - Missing persons O- ; Space travel - UFOs DA ; Archeology - Hoaxes L @ 06Unproven knowledge.., Mysteries.., Fallacies.. Hoaxes.. 46 04Knowledge skills, information skills * Prescriptive works on the everyday handling of knowledge & information, as distinct from the formal, analytical studies of the various component processes. @ 05Clear thinking * For logic, see AL; for conation, see I @ 05(Skills in expression other than linguistic) @ 06Listening.., Watching.., Feeling.., Tasting.. @ 05Linguistic expression (information skills) @ 06Rhetoric * Use of language to explain or persuade. @ 06Speaking.., Composition, writing.., Reading.. 5 04Computer science ** Using detailed outline from CRG Sept 2000 but amplified under Networks 5Q/R. 59 05(Actions against undesirable features) @ 06Security.., Anti-virus.., Fault correction.. @ 05(Actions on computers) 5AE 06Testing.., Design.. 5EB 05(Properties of systems) @ 06Reliability.. @ 05(Elements) 5EJ 06Data.., Data structures.. 5F 06Software.., Programming.. 5HB 07Programming languages * For mark-up languages, see 5Q. 5L 01Hardware * Shd align with 06Software; hierarchy is now condensed for shorter printout. 5NB 02Storage units, memory 5PB 02Peripherals @ 03Data communication 5Q 04Computer networks @ 05(Properties) @ 06Interoperability.. @ 05(Operations) @ 06Intranet/extranet management.. @ 05(Kinds) 5QT 06Wide area, WAN 5R 07Internet @ 08)Data structures( 5R4EP 09Semantic web * Assumes this is essentially the addition of a structured framework for the net? 5S 07World wide web, WWW * A collection of multimedia pages, all of which contain hypertext links referring the searcher to related items. @ 08(Elements) @ 09Description languages 5STB 10Mark-up languages @ 11Standard generalized mark-up language, SGML * Controls formatting of electronic data for publication (printed or electronic). 5STH 12Hypertext mark-up language, HTML @ 11Schemas * Sets of statements expressed in a data definition language which completely describes the structure of a document or database. 5STK 12Extensible mark-up language, XML @ 12Extensible topic maps, XTM @ 13Universal resource identifier, URI @ 13Universal resource locator, URL @ 12Resource description framework, RDF 5STW 09Websites * A page or set of pages in multimedia (hypertext) placed on the Internet by a person or organization to provide information on themselves and their interests. The pages constitute a text-file or document consisting of [containing? reflecting?] commands written in an HTML (hypertext mark-up language) which formats the file (defining size, colour, type-faces, etc). Terms underlined (or otherwise marked) represent hypertext links; when clicked, the related document(s) indicated are retrieved immediately on the screen. * See also websites as services to users in documentation, museology, etc (6H) 5SX 09On-line databases, Search engines, web browsers.., Crawlers.., Google.., Deepnet operators.., Turbo 10.. - 5T 03Input-output devices & procedures @ 01(Kinds of computers & computer systems) ** Hierarchy still adjusted - this shd align with (05) (Elements) preceding 5EJ. 5VD 02(By discrete/continuous energy) @ 03Digital.., Analogue.. @ 02(By purpose) 5WB 03Process control.., Embedded applications.., Document & text processing * See also multimedia networks 5R 5X 02(By manufacturer) 6 02Recorded knowledge, documentation, library & information science * How access to recorded messages and information is organized and facilitated, especially via stores of information (libraries, data bases, etc) & surrogate lists (bibliographies, etc). 62 03(Common subdivisions) 624 04)Persons in the subject( * For special users for whom a service is designed, see 6V and examples there. 624A 05)Profession..( )Organizations in LIS..( 625M 04)Communication & information in documentation( 625WY 05)Libraries( * On documentation. 626A 04)Education & training in documentation( * For training in particular skills, see job; eg Social exclusion 6V2. Strategic skills.. Practical skills.., Leadership.., Transferable skills.., Reporting.., Presenting.. 626C 04)Research..( 626Q 04)Theory..( @ 05Aims, purpose.. 627 04(History by period..) 628 04(By place..) @ 05Biography.. @ 03(Relations to other subjects) * Add numbers & letters from whole classification; eg 62A3 04)Publishing & bookselling( 62AA 04)Philosophy..( @ 04)Ethics..( 62K 04)Social aspects( 62T 05)Economics( * Documentation regarded as an industry. 62TQ 05)Management( * Of documentation as a whole; for the management of particular forms of documentation services, see 63K. @ 03(Information properties & processes) 6324 04Sources of information.., Availability.., Flow.. Exchange of information, information transfer @ 03(Operations in documentation) 632E 04Encouragement of documentation.., Patronage.. * Add to 632 letters E/P following W2 The Arts; eg 632N 05)Protection of the documentary heritage( 632O 05)Collecting..( 632P 05)Collections..( 63K 04Organization & management of information services * General works only, covering all types of services. @ 05(Agents) 63L 06Buildings * Add letters from US/UT Construction technology; eg 63L47 07)Environmental aspects..( @ 08Safety engineering.. 63N 06Equipment (Operations on ]I), Hiring equipment.. Maintenance.., Automated packages * Systems for special functions, see function. * Arrange A/Z; eg ALEPH, EPIXTECH, TALIS. Managers.., Public/private partnerships.. 63Q 05(Management operations) * Add letters from TQ/TX. 63Q26FB 06)Measurement..( @ 07Evaluation, testing.. 63RL 06)Policy planning & control( @ 07Design of systems.., Organizational structure.. 63T 06)Finance & accounting.., Insurance..( 63U 06)Personnel management( * See also Profession 624_A 63UXB 07(Kinds of staff by function) @ 08Documentalists.., Information scientists.. 63W 06)Marketing( * Of documentation services. Internal marketing (within an organization) 63WHX 07Admission charging.., Free admission.. * See also Free services 6NC.. 63XR 07Consumers, users of services.., Consumer research.. 63XRP 08Focus groups.., Complaints, criticism.. 63XSC 08User behaviour.., Disruptive behaviour.. 63XSG 08(Kinds of users) * For specific kinds of users, see 6V. 63YA 07(Kinds of markets) * Add to 63Y_A letters B/H following TY if applicable. 63YB 08(Special sources of income) * See 7M3_YB under Museology for examples. @ 05(Technical operations) 63YN 06Instruction, guides to use * For general guides to services, see 6H. Use 63Y_N to qualify particular services (eg, catalogues, mobile objects in museum displays). 63YV 06Manual methods & techniques 64 06Automated methods & techniques * Add numbers & letters following 5; eg Digitizing resources 65G 05Collection management * Building and maintaining the information store. Bibliographical control (general) 65H 06Acquisition of materials.., Selection.. @ 07(Forms of acquisition) 65MB 08Buying, purchase.., Gifts, bequests.., Copyright deposit.. 65MN 06Stocktaking.., Discarding.., Disposal of discards.. 65N 06Losses, thefts 65P 06Physical handling of materials 65Q 07Maintenance, protection, preservation 65Q3M 08)Air conditioning & control( 65R 08Disaster planning.., Fire.., Flood.. @ 08(Care of particular items) 65SC 09Cleaning.., Repair.., Restoration.., Conservation.. 65U 07Storage.., Shelving.. 66 06Exploitation of resources 666 07Circulation of materials.., Document delivery.. 668 07Loan of materials.., Loan records.., Interlending.. Copying.., Copyright.. 66E 07Exhibition, display * See also shelf arrangement & guiding in libraries. 67 07Retrieval of information * All operations aimed at facilitating the searching of the store in order to retrieve records with content relevant to a user's needs. @ 08(Agents in retrieval) 672 09Codes (data structures) * For particular forms, see the resource coded (eg MARC 687_9). 673 09Bibliographical records @ 08(Operations) 674 09)Automated methods( ** I assume that the general class for these, even when involving procedures fundamental to IR (eg the hypertext links which are exactly analogous to the notion of a syndetic (connective) structure in LIS) is still Class 5. The argument for this is that the assignment of links designed to evoke an immediate retrieval of information (because the texts are in electronic form) constitutes a quite new situation (at least, according to most users of the internet). * See also Automatic indexing 6FM * Add to 674 numbers & letters 9/Y following 5; eg 674EP 10)Data structures( @ 11Metadata, codes (metadata) 674R 10)Internet( 67E 09Searching * See also User services 6H 67N 09Indexing, indication of relevant items 67P 10Practical assignment of content indicators 67R 10Content analysis of documents 68 10Cataloguing, surrogation, catalogues * Assignment of multiple surrogates (catalogue entries) for documents as distinct from direct examination of the documents (for which, see shelf display 6G). 683YC 11)Instruction on use of catalogues..( @ 12Guiding.. 684 11)Automated catalogues..( @ 11)Interoperability..( 684Q 12)Networks..( @ 13On-line linking ? 6878 11)Codes( 6879 12MARC ** not sure of this analysis; strictly, A/T & descriptive cataloguing only? 687P 11)Practical cataloguing( @ 11(Parts of entries) 68C 12Heading, rubrics * Nearly all the literature relates either to subject (or other content) rubrics, or author/title headings in pre-coordinate indexes. * For kinds of cataloguing by retrieval handle, see 69. 68CI 13Citation order * Order of elements in a heading. General works only (ie, covering A/T headings as well as subject (which is usually assumed). 68D 12Description.., Descriptive cataloguing * Choice and presentation of content of entries. In the literature, descriptive cataloguing is often combined with accounts of author/title cataloguing (see 69). 68F 13Simplified cataloguing 68HJ 13Author/title.., Imprint.., Collation.., Annotation * For abstracts, see 6GN. @ 11(Kinds of cataloguing) 68J 12(By physical form) @ 12(By number of entries made) 68P 13Selective cataloguing.., Exhaustive cataloguing.. Analytical cataloguing @ 12(By production agent) 68S 13Cataloguing at source, CAS, cataloguing in publication, CIP @ 12(By systems coverage) 68U 13Union cataloguing @ 12(By retrieval handle) * The characteristic of record content used in searching to locate relevant records. * See also index devices 69 13Author/title cataloguing * See note under descriptive cataloguing Author cataloguing.., Title.. 6A 13Subject indication, subject indexing, subject cataloguing * In a general collection this is usually taken to include some concepts of a non-subject nature (eg the instruments for which a music score is designed, the form of an imaginative literary work). 6A7P 14)Practical( @ 15Subject analysis (practical indexing) 6AB 14Retrieval languages 6AD 15Index devices * See also post-coordinate indexing 6FA_D 6AT 15Controlled languages (indexing) 6B 16Classification * Analysis of content into classes is the fundamental operation in all indexing; but in the normal use of the term in documentation it also implies the subsequent arrangment of the classes obtained into hierarchies, within generic or partitive categories. * Use this general heading for works on classification in indexing generally. For its use for hierarchically arranged files, see 6BE Classification schemes, 6D Clssified catalogues and 6G Shelf arrangement. 6BC 17Facet analysis, category analysis, logical division 6BE 17Classification schemes @ 18(Parts) 6BF 19Facets.., Arrays, sub-facets.., Citation order.., Filing order.., Notation.., A/Z indexes.., Chain indexes.. * See also Alphabetical subject catalogues 6E @ 18(Kinds) 6BP 19Enumerative classifications 6BQ 19Faceted classifications, analytico-synthetic 6BS 19General, universal classifications 6CB 19Special classifications @ 16Alphabetical subject headings See alphabetical subject catalogues 6E 6CJ 15Natural language (indexing), Keywords, descriptors * Relying mainly on the use of keywords in a natural language text as effective retrieval handles. * For subject-heading lists (in which keywords are subject to some degree of control) see 6E Alphabetical subject catalogues. * Nearly all the literature on natural language indexing relates to post-coordinate indexes (6F). Class here only works dealing with the general role of natural language in indexing; if in doubt, prefer 6F 6CP 14Precordinate indexes * Coordination of elementary concepts to represent compound classes is effected at the indexing stage. 6D 15Classified catalogues 6E 15Alphabetical subject catalogues (Without explicit citation order rules ]I), Subject heading lists.., L of C.., Sears.., (With explicit citation order rules ]I) ** Has this a recognized name? British Technology Index.., Precis.., Dictionary catalogues * Interfiling an alphabetical subject catalogue with an author/title catalogue. 6F 14Post-coordinate indexes, coordinate indexing * Coordination is effected at the search stage. 6FAB 15)Retrieval languages..( @ 16Index devices.. 6FAT 16)Controlled languages..( @ 17Thesauri.. 6FCJ 16)Natural language( @ 17Keywords, uniterms.., Meta-languages.. 6FM 17Automatic indexing ** I assume works on particular statistical & other algorithmic systems used in computerized data bases, etc will go here. In some (many?) of them, human intervention supplements the automatic element. Probabilistic indexing.. Vector space modelling.. @ 10(Direct indexing by document arrangement) 6G 11Shelf classification 6GN 09Abstracting.., Reviewing.. 6H 07User services in searching & retrieval @ 08)Automated( @ 09On-line.., Web services.., People's network centres.. ** Or shd these be regarded as indexing services? @ 08(By access) @ 09Times of opening, Bulletins, guides to services, news-sheets 6HI 08Information work (narrowly), reference work, enquiry work * Personal assistance by information personnel. 6HK 09Reference work Digital reference services 6J 08Dissemination of information * See also lending services 667 State-of-the-art reviews Selective dissemination of information, SDI 6JK 08Cultural activities in information work Learning services.., Readings.. 6K 03Information materials @ 04(Properties) 6KAL 05Bibliometrics.., Output, information explosion.. @ 04(By form) 6KB 05Bibliographies * Lists or inventories of existent materials to assist identification and (possibly) location of materials. 6KD 05Palaeography & epigraphy 6KE 05Printed materials, bookforms 6KE6A 06Bibliography ? - ** (1) not sure if this shd be subordinated to bookform; separates from bibliograpies, which are not now (in documentation) confined to bookform. ** (2) not sure if Study, education is appropriate to its definition. 6KF 06Monographs.., Serials.. 6KH 05Non-book materials.., Pictorial materials @ 06Audiovisual materials.., Sound recordings.. @ 06Machine-held materials.., E-books.. @ 05(Mixed materials) @ 06Organizational information, intellectual capital * Covering not only formal records but the retrievable knowledge contained in the activities of the organization & the information exchange between the labour force at all levels. @ 07Knowledge management, information services management (ISM), Information & knowledge management @ 08)Evaluation..( @ 09Information & knowledge audit, IK audit @ 09Value adding models @ 07Expertise indexes 6L 04(By subject) * The organization of collections on a specific subject go with the subject. This class is for works on organizing subject collections in general; eg, the handling of one subject in collections not defined by that subject. 6NC 03Information services, information collections @ 04(By access as to time..) 6NCN 05Evening access.. @ 04(By access as to cost..) 6NCQ 05Free.., Charged.. @ 04(By access to the materials..) 6NCT 05Open access.., Closed.. @ 04((By structure)) 6NF 05Information centres 6NG 05Networks, multiple-point services @ 06)Automated systems..( @ 07Dynix management systems.. 6NG2582 06)Headquarters( * Eg, a university library service as a whole. @ 06Devolved centres, branches * Eg, a particular college library within a university library system. Outstations, outlier services.., Mobile.. @ 04((By geographic scope)) * General works only; works on a particlar kind of service at a given geographical level go with the kind of service (eg, public authorities). 6NK 05International collections.., National.. 6NQ 05Regional collections.., Local.. @ 04((By owner/community served)) 6P 05Public authorities * Serving the whole population of the area defined. 6PN 06National.., Regional.., Local.., County.., Municipal.. @ 06(Public authority services by place) * Alternative to subordinating country to kind of area under public authority services. ** Not sure whether this inconsistency in citation order is worth it; but public authority organization varies greatly between countries & this alternative wd give a more helpful collocation? 6R 05Information services to special communities 6RQ 06Public administrative bodies, government ministries 6RR 06Academic bodies.., University.., College.., School.. 6SB 06Private, non-public institutions, independent institutions 6SC 07Industrial & commercial, companies, corporations 6SP 07Professional bodies.., Religious.., Individual owners.. 6T 04(By special environment) ** reserve notation for museums. 6U 04(By subject) * Alternative (not recommended) to distributing under subjects. 6V2 04(Users of services) * Include here works on the use by a particular kind of user of any kind of service (not necessarily one designed specifically for them). @ 05(Properties of services) @ 06Social inclusion * Paying particular attention to users in any way less able to benefit from normal services. @ 05((By particular users)) 6VQ 06Children's services.., Sure Start libraries.. 6VS 06Handicapped persons.. 6VVPC 06(Linguistic groups..) @ 07Hindi-speaking.. @ 07)Personnel( @ 08Literary awareness officers.. 6VVPD 06Ethnic groups.., Cultural groups.. @ 04((Information services by principal materials held)) @ 05(Material not restricted to one service/system) * See also bibliographies 6KB. 7D 05Electronic data, digital data, computerized databases @ 05(Material held by one service/system) 7G 06Libraries 7J 06Archives @ 05(Primarily objects & artefacts) 7M 06Museum science, museology ** museol.sch 2.1.03; 17.1; ** revision of detailed draft by Aidan Baker with notation added by Heather Lane & Elizabeth Russell, 18.11.02. This revision follows a close examination of the present draft of Classes 2/9 & an attempt to decide the most likely notation for the classes involved. It is safe to assume that the number 8 will be available for any library wishing to make that the classmark for museology. ** An outline of the rest of 2/9 is given as a separate draft (file prelout.sch) to show how museology will be closely parallel to documentation (=LIS) in structure. 7M2 07(Common subdivisions) * Add to 7M2 numbers 2/9 from Auxiliary Schedule 1; an extensions at 7M2_9/P is consistent with that in Class VW Recreation arts and W The Arts; eg 7M24A 08)Profession( * For kinds of museum personnel defined by function, see Personnel management 7M3_U. 7M253 08)Organizations( 7M2537 09)Governing bodies( 7M25373U 10)Members( 7M2538 09Boards of Trustees 7M2582 09)Headquarters( 7M2583 09)Departments( 7M2587 09)Service points( @ 09(Kinds by number Of units) 7M2592 10Unitary 7M2594 10Multiple, federal @ 09(Kinds by permanence) 7M25C 10)Conferences, congresses( @ 09(Kinds by geographical scope) 7M25D 10)International( 7M25E 10)National( 7M25F 10)Regional( 7M25G 10)Local( 7M25H 10)Special regions( @ 09(By organization/role) 7M25J 10)Official, government( 7M25JN 10)Quasi-governmental( 7M25JQ 10)Professional( 7M25JT 10)Trusts, foundations( 7M25JU 10)Pressure groups( * See also 7M3_2E Encouragment of museology. 7M25JV 10)Voluntary bodies( * See also 7M3_2E Encouragment of museology. 7M25M 08)Communication & information( * Within museology; for communication as operation within particular organizations, see 7M25WY 09)Libraries( 7M26A 08)Education & training in museology( * See also cultural activities (user services) 7MJ 7M26C 08)Research( 7M26Q 08)Theory( * See also 7M2_AA Philosophy & museology 7M26R 09Aims, objectives, purpose Representation * Of the culture(s) underlying the production of objects. 7M27 08)History of museums( 7M27C 09)Ancient( 7M27G 09)Renaissance( 7M27GF 10Cabinets of curiosities ** synonym for museum? if a special kind, shd have place under 7MS. 7M27H 09)Modern( 7M28 08)Geography of museology( * For the history of specific museums or kinds of museums, see 7M 7M292 08)Biography of museologists( @ 07(Relations of museology with other subjects) * Add to 7M2 letters A/Z from the whole clasification; eg 7M2AA 08)Philosophy( 7M2AHK 09)Ethics( 7M2K 08)Social aspects( 7M2KKT 09Cultural property 7M2R 09)Politics( 7M2RAXP 10Government policy 7M2RQV 10Post-colonialism 7M2S 09)Law( 7M2T 09)Economics( * For the management of individual museums, see 7M3_Q. 7M2W 08Art & museology @ 07(Operations) 7M32E 08Encouragement of museology * Add to 7M3_2 letters E/P following W2 Encouragement of the arts; eg 7M32F 09Patronage, sponsorship 7M32FF 10Public patronage 7M32FN 10Friends of organizations 7M32FP 10Private patronage, donors, benefactors 7M32FS 11Original collectors, founders of collections 7M32FT 12(Other individual patrons) * Arrange A/Z by name. 7M32H 09Promotion activities * Of museums generally. * See also marketing 7M3_WJ 7M32J 10Festivals 7M32N 09Protection of heritage * For protection of artefacts as part of management, see 7M 7M32O 09Collecting (general) * As the historical basis of museology. 7M32O23 10Collectors 7M32P 10Collections & exhibitions (general) 7M3K 08Organization & management of museums @ 09(Agents) 7M3L 10Buildings * Divide like Building construction so far as necessary. * Add to 7M3_L letters A/Y following US; * Add to 7M3_M letters A/Y following UT; eg 7M3L45D 11Site planning 7M3L47 11)Environmental aspects( * See also engineering services 7M3_MN @ 12)Pollution hazards( 7M3L48 11)Safety engineering aspects( 7M3L48JM 12)Weather hazards( @ 13Flood protection @ 12Biological hazards @ 13Infestation 7M3L48K 12)Accident prevention( 7M3L48Q 13Fire precautions @ 11(Operations) 7M3LAP 12Design of museums 7M3LKB 12Protection of structures 7M3LKX 12Demolition @ 11(Parts) 7M3MIB 12)Spaces( 7M3MJC 13)Access spaces( 7M3MJKV 14)Escalators( 7M3MLH 13External spaces 7M3MN 12)Engineering services( 7M3MP 13)Ventilation & air conditioning( 7M3MQ 13)Lighting( 7M3MT 13)Sanitation services( 7M3MU 12)Safety & security services( @ 12Decor * need to provide for here 7M3MV 11(Kinds of buildings) * By non-functional attributes; eg 7M3MVD 12)Pre-fabricated( )Temporary( 7M3N 10Equipment * Equipment serving a specific function goes with the function; eg display cabinets go under display. Transport equipment Hoists, goods elevators * For passenger lifts, see 7M3_MJK_V. Trolleys, conveyors Vehicles @ 09(Operations) * Add to 7M3 letters Q/Y following T; eg 7M3Q 10)Management operations( 7M3QR 11)Management techniques( 7M3RKB 11)Management functions( 7M3RKC 12Communicating, informing 7M3RL 12Policy planning & control Design of systems 7M3RMS 13Decision making 7M3RN 12Planning 7M3RQT 12Appraisal, evaluation (management functions) 7M3RR 11Organizational structure 7M3RRV 12Centralization 7M3RRW 12Decentralization, departmentalization @ 11(Properties) 7M3RUC 12Performance 7M3RUF 13Efficiency 7M3RUN 12Formation, setting-up, founding 7M3RUT 12Maintaining 7M3RWB 12Reorganization, change, conversion 7M3RXB 12Relocation 7M3RXS 12Winding-up 7M3RY 11)Management resources( 7M3SO 12Office services 7M3T 12Financial administration & accounting 7M3TMSR 13Revenue, income 7M3TMU 13Expenditure, costs (expenditure) 7M3TQL 13Budget, budgetary control 7M3TXMF 13Insurance 7M3U 12Personnel management 7M3UEDD 13Staff organizations, trade unions @ 13(Kinds of personnel) 7M3UV 14Museum staff ** revise provision in TUV ? 7M3UWM 15Women @ 15(By function) * Specialist staff are subordinated to their function; eg photographers, artists, librarians ? Consultants 7M3UXB 16Curators Collection managers Subject specialists Conservators Attendants Others * Arrange A/Z; eg cleaners. 7M3V 11)Production management( * For acquisition and maintenance of resources, see 7M4 7M3VF 12)Purchasing( * For purchase of resources by museum, see 7M5_MG 7M3VFK 13)Suppliers( 7M3VMS 12Specifications 7M3W 11)Marketing( 7M3WHX 12Admission charging 7M3WHY 12Free admission 7M3WJ 12Promotion of museum servicesx, outreach * See also 7MH Special user services 7M3WL 13Advertising, publicity 7M3XG 13Public relations 7M3XR 14Consumers, users 7M3XRR 15Complaints, criticism of service 7M3XSC 15User behaviour Disruptive behaviour @ 15(Kinds of users) * See 7MV @ 12(Kinds of markets) * Add to 7M3_Y letters B/H following TY if applicable. @ 12(Specific income sources) * See also discarding 7M3YB 13Retailing services, museum shop 7M3YC 14Publishing, book selling 7M3YD 15Catalogues of collections (for sale) * For visitors' guides, see User services 7MH 7M3YE 15Graphic products * Posters, postcards, calendars, etc. 7M3YF 14Reproductions of objects 7M3YK 13Catering services @ 08(Technical operations) * Museology in narrow sense. 7M3YN 09)Instructions, guides to use( 7M3YV 09)Manual methods( 7M4 09)Automated methods( 7M5G 09Collection management ** if this term is usually used narrowly for the operations below. [= curatorship narrowly?] 7M5H 10Acquisition, collecting (acquisition) 7M5HC 11)Selection( 7M5HE 11Accessioning, recording receipt * For cataloguing of items, see 7M8. 7M5HI 12Identifying, photographing 7M5K 13Authentification @ 11(Forms of acquisition) 7M5MB 12Purchases 7M5MG 12Gifts, donations @ 13Bequests @ 12Exchanges (acquisition) @ 12Deposits (by government) ** Define? cf copyright deposit of books @ 12(Other forms of acquisition) * Including wartime looting, fruits of war? 7M5MN 11Stocktaking, inventory 7M5MS 11Weedimg, withdrawal, de-acquisition, discarding 7M5MSS 12Sale (discards) 7M5MSS3VS 13)Purchase( ** nb not by museum - so use CSD @ 12Dispersal of collection ** = disposal of collection? @ 12Gifts (donating discards) @ 12Restitution, repatriation 7M5N 11Loss @ 12Theft @ 11(Other) 7M5P 10Physical handling of materials 7M5Q 11Maintenance, protection, preservation 7M5R 12Disaster planning * This class is for general works and for restorative action after the event. * For general preventive measures, see Environmental control 7M4_7. 7M5RR 13(By hazard, cause of damage) @ 14Fire.., Flood.. 7M5SC 12Cleaning @ 12Repair @ 12Restoration 7M5T 12Conservation 7M5U 11Storage 7M5V 12Shelving * See also display techniques 7M5WC 11Packing @ 11Dismantling 7M5X 11Transport 7M6 09)Exploitation of resources( 7M66 10)Circulation of materials( 7M6E 10Exhibiting, display (of museum objects) * Design would normally be 7M6_E3R_L; but use 7M6_F 7M6F 11Design of exhibitions 7M6G 11Presentation of individual items * Add to 7M6 letters N/Q following WC3_B Visual arts; eg 7M6P 12Labelling, titles, captions 7M6QP 12Base pedestals @ 11(Kinds of exhibitions) * Operations involved in mounting such exhibitions; * See also note at 7MN_C. 7M6R 12Permanent exhibitions 7M6T 12Temporary exhibitions 7M6U 12Travelling exhibitions @ 13)Security( 7M6U3TXMF 13)Insurance( 7M6U5WP 13)Packing( 7M6U5X 13)Tranport( 7M6U6 13)Loan procedures( 7M7 10)Information retrieval( ** not sure to what extent or how this impinges on museology. The concept of cataloguing applies to the objects (as distinct from the museum library's records at 7M2_5WY); similarly, the subject classification of the objects is a subject of study in museology? 7M78 11)Cataloguing( 7MH 10User services * For services for special categories of museum users, (eg children, etnic groups) see 7MV 7MH4 11)Automated( @ 12)Websites( @ 11(By access) @ 12Times of opening @ 11)Guides to an exhibition( 7MHI 11)Information work( 7MJK 11Cultural activities @ 12Educational work * For services designed for children, see 7MJ. ** implies work within framework of a school curriculum? @ 12Guided tours @ 13)Personnel( @ 13Self-guides, personal audio guides @ 12Lectures 7MK 07Museum materials, museum objects ** a simple instruction to divide like the whole scheme seems insufficiently informative here. Because the materials are concrete objects, the conceptual contexts which scatter their whereabouts in the disciplinary main classes are less significant. So we shd give some guidance as to where we get the "concrete" (as distinct from its "aspect") from. It is analogous to the problem of classifying the phenomena in Class 3. I've added a few tentative notes below to demonstrate. 7MKK 08(By provenance, origin ?) ** AB's draft has (By type of society) Divide like Class K Not sure what is intended; if a collection is designed to demonstrate objects from a particular society then presumably that society wd be cited first, as the subject? If the provenance of particular objects in a general collection is considered (eg masks from the Congo: wdn't we add -28 Geography to indicate its origin? 7MKL 08Communication & information objects * Add numbers 4/7 from the preliminary classes 2/9 if applicable; eg, computers, library artefacts. 7MKM 08Natural objects * Add to 7MK_M letters C/G from the whole classification; eg: 7MKMD 09Minerals 7MKMF 09Botanical specimens 7MKMG 09Zoological specimens @ 10Taxidermy 7MKMGR 08Biological objects & artefacts * Applied biology (including agriculture and medicine) combines both natural objects and artefacts. * Add to 7MK_M letters GX/IY from the whole classification; eg: Medical instruments Medical specimens 7MKMGRX 09Applied biology 7MKMGS 10Agricultural implements 7MKMIY 08Social artefacts 7MKMJ 09Education artefacts * Awkward situation here in that education files before Class K in general (reflecting the original Bliss desire to file education after psychology - too late to amend the notation now). 7MKMK 09Sociology & social anthropology * The classes for clothing and body adornment under Material culture at KLH/KLI are to be preferred to the partially parallel classes under Applied arts (costume) WH and (to a much lesser degree) under Textile technology in VT. * Add to 7M letters J/T from the whole classification; eg 7MKMKLH 10Clothing 7MKMR 09Political artefacts @ 10Political charters 7MKMS 09Legal artefacts 7MKMU 08Manufactured objects, technological artefacts * When in doubt between artefacts in U/V Technology and in Applied arts WG, prefer the latter. * Add to 7M letters U/VV from the whole classification; eg 7MKMUE 09)Materials, substances( * When in doubt between naturally occurring materials at 7MC/D and those in materials technology at UE, prefer the latter. When in doubt between UE and WGB Applied arts, prefer the latter. 7MKMUH 09)Electronic artefacts( 7MKMUO 09)Construction technology, buildings artefacts( * AB's draft uses the term architectural [manufactures]; But an exhibition including an example (say) of an Ionic column's capital would have to draw on Applied arts (WH Architecture) for its classification. Probably advisable to decide between US and WH for this (& preferably the latter?). 7MKMVA 09)Transport objects( 7MKMVH 09Military objects 7MKMVU 08Housekeeping arts 7MKMVW 08Recreational arts 7MKMW 08Arts objects * Is there a need for an explanatory note distinguishing the scope of museology in relation to art galleries of all kinds? Presumably, a photograph (say) constitutes a museum object if used to illustrate some other artefact (eg a street stall) but an art gallery object if presented as a graphic artwork in its own right. 7MKMWF 09)Applied arts( 7MKMWFG 10Graphic design objects * Good example of where to get our context-free "concretes" from; WFG/WFY includes detailed vocabularies for calligraphy & lettering, mss. print products, etc. 7MKMWGB 10Decorative arts objects * This has the fullest schedules in BC2 for many materials (eg ceramics, glassware, textiles). 7MKMWIT 09Fine arts products * Graphic arts: drawings, prints, paintings.. 7MKMWOY 09Temporal arts objects * Performing arts.., Literature. @ 07(Kinds of museums, collections) @ 08(Parts of the system) 7MM2582 09Headquarters.. 7MNC 08(By permanence) * For permanent and temporary museums, see 7M6_R. ** Assume this array doesn't have the status of the other arrays here; permanent museums are usually assumed & temporary ones usually reflect only the technical operations involved (transporting, lending, etc)? 7MND 08(By access) ** Do the library concepts of open/closed access operate with museums? @ 08(By organizational structure) 7MNG 09)Network( ** Is this what AB's draft calls a federal system? 7MNG2582 10)Headquarters( @ 08(By geographic scope) 7MNK 09International @ 09National @ 09Regional @ 09Local @ 08(By owner/community served) 7MP 09Public authority @ 10National museums @ 10Regional museums 7MPS 10Local-authority museums @ 11County @ 11City, municipal @ 11Local museums, parish, village @ 11(Local authority museums by place) * Alternative (not recommended) to subordinating locality to specific local level. 7MQ 09Public administrative bodies, government ministries @ 09Educational institution museums, academic bodies 7MR 10University museums 7MRS 10School museums 7MRS6U 11)Circulating collections( 7MSP 09Private museums, independent museums @ 10Learned bodies' museums @ 10Business firms' museums, company museums @ 10Religious bodies' museums @ 10Para-museum collections @ 11Hobby collections @ 11Investment collections 7MT 08(By special environment) ** I'm not clear why some of the different environments below have specific subjects enumerated under them in AB's draft - eg [Astronomy] - Planetaria. Since subject is the primary facet in BC2 for museums, libraries, etc, the preferred order is to subordinate them to the subject. The facet at 7MW is an alternative - but shd still be cited before (By environment). 7MTB 09Enclosed displays * Of discrete items; the "museum" as commonly understood. Usually assumed; use this class only for general works explicitly contrasting it with less common forms. * See also art galleries W 7MTC 10Preserved environments @ 11Historic house museums, stately homes 7MTE 11Caves (as museums) @ 10Moving displays, animated displays @ 11Planetaria @ 11Time tunnels [history?] 7MTJ 09Open-air sites, open-air museums, unenclosed displays ** What is "unobtrusive signing"? Is it a sought term? @ 10Archaeological sites (as museums) @ 10Historic ruins (as museums) @ 09Mixed open & enclosed environments (as museums) 7MTN 10Artificially maintained habitats * An alternative (not recommended) is provided here for botanic gardens, zoos, etc. ** See note at 7M below; if the alternative there is taken, wdn't it be consistent to locate this second- level alternative with the botanical, zoological, etc museums? 7MTP 10Open-air industrial museums ** unclear why these shd go under "mixed". ** Displays over an archaeological site shd surely go with archaeological sites? @ 10Theme parks 7MU 07(Museums by subject of collection) * This is an alternative (not recommended) to locating with the subject in the general classification. * If this option is taken, proceed as follows: * Add to 7MU numbers & letters 3/9,A/Z from the whole classification; eg 7MUAY 08Science 7MUAYEN 09Nature, natural history * If this is defined in largely biological terms, use 7MU_ET. 7MUDA 09Astronomy @ 10Solar system? 7MUDATF 11Planetaria 7MV 07(Museums by particular class of user) 7MV4 08Children 82 03Documentation, information sciences (narrowly) * How access to messages is organized & facilitated, especially via stores of information (libraries, data bases, etc) & surrogate lists (bibliographies, etc.). 83 04(Information properties & processes) @ 05Sources.., Availability.., Flow.., Exchange, transfer.. @ 04(Operations) 84 05Management of information services (general) @ 06Organization of information services (general) @ 06(Agents) Buildings.., Equipment.., Personnel.. 85 05Technical operations, information & document handling @ 06Design.., Evaluation & testing.. @ 06Acquisition of materials.., Storage.., Circulation.. @ 06Issuing, delivery.., Loan.., Copying.. @ 06Retrieval of relevant information @ 07Bibliographical records.., Indexing..Abstracting.. @ 07Information work (narrowly), reference work 86 04Information materials @ 05(By form).., (By subject).. 87 04Information services, collections, systems @ 05((By structure)).., Networks.. @ 05((By geographic scope)).., National.., Regional.. @ 05((By owner/community served)) @ 06Public..Government bodies.., Academic bodies.. @ 06Industrial & commercial.., Children.., Ethnic groups.. @ 05((By principal materials held)) @ 06(Primarily references) 92 07Computerized data bases & services 94 07Bibliographies & bibliography @ 06(Primarily documents) 95 07Libraries.., Archives.. @ 06(Primarily objects & artefacts) 97 07Museums.., Galleries.., Exhibitions..